Turkey, with its strategic location, vibrant culture, and growing economy, has become an attractive destination for expatriates, entrepreneurs, and retirees. One of the key elements of living and working in Turkey as a foreigner is understanding the country’s social security system. Turkey’s social security system, known as Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK), offers various benefits, from healthcare to pension schemes. But how can foreigners register for the Turkish social security system, and what are the benefits? Let’s explore in detail.
1. What is the Turkish Social Security System (SGK)?
The Turkish Social Security System (SGK) is the country’s public social insurance system, established to provide financial protection for citizens and legal residents in case of various life events, such as illness, disability, old age, and death. It also covers health insurance and maternity benefits, offering a safety net for workers and their families. The system is designed to help people access affordable healthcare, financial support during unemployment, and retirement benefits.
2. Who is Eligible to Register in the SGK System?
Foreigners can join Turkey’s social security system, provided they meet specific requirements. The eligibility depends on the type of residence and work status of the individual. Let’s break this down into two primary categories:
a. Foreign Employees (Working in Turkey)
Foreigners who are employed in Turkey, whether under a work permit or legal employment status, are required to register with the SGK. Employers are responsible for registering their foreign employees with the social security system and deducting monthly premiums from their salaries.
For foreign employees, the SGK system provides a comprehensive package of benefits, including healthcare, pension, and disability coverage. It is essential for foreign workers to ensure that their employer is registering them with SGK to benefit from these services.
b. Self-Employed Foreigners (Freelancers, Entrepreneurs)
Self-employed foreigners, including business owners, freelancers, and entrepreneurs, can also register for SGK, but they need to follow a slightly different process. These individuals are not automatically enrolled through an employer and must personally apply for social security coverage.
To register, self-employed foreigners must apply directly to the SGK and choose between several insurance options depending on their income level. They can opt for comprehensive coverage, which includes healthcare, pension, and disability benefits, or choose limited coverage based on their specific needs.
c. Retired Foreigners (Living in Turkey)
Foreign retirees who are legally residing in Turkey can also enroll in SGK, but they must meet specific residency requirements. Retirees can apply for the health insurance coverage provided by SGK and can also receive pension payments if they have paid into the Turkish social security system during their working years. For retirees who have worked in Turkey or have contributed to SGK in the past, registering for continued health insurance benefits is a straightforward process.
3. How to Register for SGK as a Foreigner
The registration process for foreigners depends on their employment status and the type of coverage they require. Here’s a general guide on how to register:
a. For Foreign Employees:
- Employer Registration: If you are a foreign employee, your employer is responsible for registering you with SGK. This is done by submitting your details to the SGK through the online system, which includes your personal identification number, work permit, and employment details.
- Social Security Number: Once registered, you will receive a social security number (SGK number), which you will use to access all SGK-related services. This number is necessary for healthcare, pension benefits, and other services.
- Monthly Contributions: Your employer will also be responsible for deducting and submitting your monthly SGK contributions. These contributions will be based on your salary and the SGK insurance plan applicable to you.
b. For Self-Employed Foreigners:
- Apply to SGK: Self-employed foreigners must apply directly to SGK. The application can be made in person at a local SGK office or online (if you have the required documentation). The application form will ask for personal details, tax information, and your address in Turkey.
- Select Coverage Options: Depending on your income level and needs, you can choose between different insurance plans. The SGK offers various plans, and the monthly premium is based on the selected level of coverage. You will be required to pay monthly contributions as part of your registration.
- Make Payments: Once registered, you will need to make monthly premium payments. The amount varies based on your income level and the type of insurance chosen. These payments will cover health insurance, retirement benefits, and other services offered under the SGK system.
c. For Foreign Retirees:
- Residency Requirements: Retirees who have been working in Turkey and contributing to SGK will need to prove their continuous legal residency in Turkey. Those who qualify for SGK’s healthcare plan can apply through the SGK office, where they will provide their residency and pension information.
- Health Insurance: Retirees who have worked in Turkey and paid into SGK in the past can continue their health coverage under the SGK system. If you are a retiree without prior SGK contributions, you can still opt for health insurance by paying monthly premiums.
4. Benefits of SGK for Foreigners
Once registered with the Turkish Social Security System, foreigners can enjoy a variety of benefits that provide both financial security and access to quality healthcare. Here are some of the main benefits:
a. Healthcare Benefits
SGK offers comprehensive healthcare services through a network of public hospitals and clinics. Foreigners registered with SGK are entitled to free or highly subsidized healthcare, including doctor visits, medical tests, surgeries, and medications. This can be especially valuable for those who want to ensure access to affordable medical care while living in Turkey.
b. Pension Benefits
The Turkish social security system also provides pension benefits for those who contribute to SGK. Foreign employees, self-employed individuals, and retirees who pay into the system are eligible to receive a pension when they reach retirement age. This can provide a stable source of income for foreigners who wish to stay in Turkey long-term.
c. Disability and Maternity Benefits
SGK provides coverage for disabilities and maternity. If a foreigner is injured at work or suffers from a medical condition that prevents them from working, SGK provides disability benefits. Additionally, maternity benefits are available for female workers who are registered with SGK.
d. Death Benefits
SGK also provides benefits to the family members of those who have contributed to the system. If a foreigner passes away, their beneficiaries may receive financial support to help cover funeral costs and other expenses.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, the Turkish Social Security System (SGK) offers an array of benefits for foreigners living in Turkey. Whether you are working, self-employed, or retired, SGK provides health coverage, pension plans, and various social security benefits that can significantly improve your quality of life in Turkey. To benefit from these services, it is essential for foreigners to register with the system, either through their employer or by applying directly to SGK. By doing so, foreigners can ensure they have access to the healthcare and financial security they need while living in Turkey.
For foreigners considering a move to Turkey, understanding how the SGK system works and registering properly is an important step to ensure a secure and healthy future in the country.
M. Rami Maki,
Business Consultant